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Intracranial hemorrhage in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients

Isaac Cheruiyot1,2, Prabjot Sehmi3, Beryl Ominde4

  • 1Department of Human Anatomy, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya. isaacbmn@outlook.com.

Neurological Sciences : Official Journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology
|November 3, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) occurred in 0.7% of COVID-19 patients, often elderly males with hypertension. This condition, though uncommon, carried a high 48.6% mortality rate, highlighting the need for early risk identification.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • COVID-19 is linked to cerebrovascular events, including ischemic stroke.
  • Data on intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in COVID-19 patients remains limited.
  • This review consolidates evidence on ICH occurrence in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and analyze the incidence and characteristics of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in patients with COVID-19.
  • To consolidate current scientific literature on ICH in the context of COVID-19 infection.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was performed on PubMed and CNKI from November 2019 to August 2020.
  • Included studies described intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in COVID-19 patients.
  • Data extraction focused on patient demographics, comorbidities, hemorrhage characteristics, treatment, and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • 23 studies reported on 148 COVID-19 patients with ICH; pooled incidence was 0.7%.
  • Most affected patients were elderly males (65.8%) with hypertension (54%).
  • Intraparenchymal hemorrhage was most common (62.6%); mortality rate was 48.6%.

Conclusions:

  • Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is an uncommon but serious complication of COVID-19.
  • High mortality associated with ICH in COVID-19 patients necessitates early identification of at-risk individuals.
  • Comorbidities and anticoagulant use are key factors in patients developing ICH during COVID-19.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID-19Hemorrhagic strokeIntracranial hemorrhage

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