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(Re-) Defining evolutionary medicine.

Jacqueline Moltzau Anderson1, Florian Horn2

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor MI USA.

Ecology and Evolution
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PubMed
Summary

Evolutionary Medicine (EM) faces challenges due to its reductionist approach and late introduction in medical education. Integrating evolutionary principles early in premedical curricula can bridge the gap between evolution and medicine.

Keywords:
development and evolutioneducationevolutionary medicineevolutionary theorymolecular evolutionphylogeographypre‐medical curriculum

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Medical Education
  • Interdisciplinary Studies

Background:

  • The medical field has historically questioned the applicability of evolutionary biology principles to diseases.
  • Evolutionary Medicine (EM) emerged to address this gap but remains a distinct field, facing implementation challenges.
  • A reductionist approach and late introduction in medical education have hindered EM's integration and physician awareness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the challenges causing the division between evolutionary science and medicine.
  • To propose solutions for bridging the gap and fostering an interdisciplinary field of evolution in medicine.
  • To advocate for a comprehensive view of human evolution in premedical education.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis of the historical and current relationship between evolutionary biology and medicine.
  • Review of the challenges hindering the implementation of Evolutionary Medicine.
  • Proposal of educational and interdisciplinary strategies to integrate evolutionary perspectives into medical thought.

Main Results:

  • The continued division stems from EM's reductionist approach and delayed integration into medical curricula.
  • Physician awareness of evolutionary principles in medicine remains limited.
  • A foundational understanding of human evolution in premedical education is crucial for a common perspective.

Conclusions:

  • Bridging the gap requires a shift towards a more comprehensive evolutionary perspective in medicine.
  • Introducing evolutionary biology early in premedical education is essential for fostering an interdisciplinary approach.
  • Implementing these changes will enhance the framework of medical thought and physician understanding of evolution in health and disease.