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Related Concept Videos

An Overview of the Endocrine System01:10

An Overview of the Endocrine System

12.3K
The endocrine system, a complex network of glands, orchestrates physiological balance within the body through the production and secretion of hormones. These hormones are chemical messengers in intercellular communication, acting as conduits between the secretory cells and distant target sites. They traverse the circulatory system by being released into the extracellular fluid, and their impact is specific to cells possessing receptors for a particular hormone.
The endocrine system collaborates...
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The Endocrine System01:29

The Endocrine System

1.0K
The endocrine system is an extensive network of glands – organs or tissues in the body that create chemicals that control many bodily functions, that secrete hormones, which are chemical messengers that play essential roles in regulating various bodily functions. These hormones are secreted into the bloodstream and travel throughout the body. They require specific receptors to convey signals to cells possessing these corresponding receptors. This complex signaling mechanism ensures that...
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What is the Endocrine System?00:46

What is the Endocrine System?

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The endocrine system sends hormones—chemical signals—through the bloodstream to target cells—the cells the hormones selectively affect. These signals are produced in endocrine cells, secreted into the extracellular fluid, and then diffuse into the blood. Eventually, they diffuse out of the blood and bind to target cells which have specialized receptors to recognize the hormones.
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Structures of the Endocrine System00:59

Structures of the Endocrine System

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The intricate framework of the endocrine system encompasses a diverse array of glands, with their target tissues and organs strategically distributed throughout the body. Central to this network are the endocrine glands, specialized structures that lack ducts and release hormones directly into the interstitial fluid. Notably, the hypothalamus, a vital neuroendocrine organ situated in the brain, governs neural functions and serves as a potent source of hormonal regulation. Near the hypothalamus...
10.8K
Endocrine Signaling01:45

Endocrine Signaling

66.9K
Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.
66.9K
Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

Major Hormones and Their Functions

1.3K
Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 2, 2025

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2
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SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and the Endocrine System.

Michelle D Lundholm1, Caroline Poku2, Nicholas Emanuele2,3

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois.

Journal of the Endocrine Society
|November 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This review summarizes the widespread effects of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) on the endocrine system, including diabetes, pituitary, adrenal, thyroid, bone, and gonadal function. Long-term impacts of COVID-19 on endocrine health require further investigation.

Keywords:
COVID-19adrenaldiabetes mellitusgonadsthyroid diseases

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Systemic Manifestations of Viral Illness

Background:

  • SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection can lead to moderate to severe illness in approximately 15% of cases.
  • COVID-19 presents with diverse clinical manifestations affecting multiple organ systems.
  • Emerging evidence indicates significant impact on the endocrine system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of COVID-19's impact on endocrine pathophysiology.
  • To discuss the management of endocrine disorders in COVID-19 patients.
  • To highlight areas for future research regarding long-term endocrine sequelae.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on COVID-19 and endocrine function.
  • Synthesis of findings on diabetes, pituitary, adrenal, thyroid, bone, and gonadal health.
  • Analysis of current management strategies for endocrine complications.

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 affects diabetes pathophysiology and management in both outpatient and inpatient settings.
  • The virus impacts pituitary, adrenal, thyroid, bone, and gonadal functions.
  • Data on the long-term endocrine effects of COVID-19 are still developing.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 has profound and widespread effects on the endocrine system.
  • Understanding and managing these endocrine manifestations is crucial for patient care.
  • Further research is essential to elucidate the long-term consequences of COVID-19 on endocrine health.