Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Complement System01:27

Complement System

7.3K
The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
7.3K
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

1.8K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
1.8K
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

15.4K
The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
15.4K
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

15.3K
An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
15.3K
Humoral Immune Responses01:36

Humoral Immune Responses

81.4K
Overview
81.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Antibody repertoire associated with clinically diverse presentations of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Human vaccine responses regulated by parallel cytokine pathways.

Nature immunology·2026
Same author

Predicting Substance Use and Psychotic-Like Experiences in Adolescents.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Serum proteomic atlas reveals distinct molecular signatures of lupus nephritis activity, chronicity, and treatment response.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Dysregulation of anti-Ro60 B cell autoreactivity in systemic lupus erythematosus.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Benchmarking functional brain network organization in childhood and its similarity to adults.

Frontiers in neuroimaging·2026
Same journal

Jagged1<sup>+</sup> Tregs mediate lymphatic remodeling in tumor-draining lymph nodes.

Cell reports·2026
Same journal

Combining genotoxic gut bacterial strains increases tumor burden and accelerates onset in a germ-free mouse model of colon carcinogenesis.

Cell reports·2026
Same journal

Striatal neuron dysfunction in C9ORF72-FTD/ALS is driven by AIS and potassium channel dysregulation.

Cell reports·2026
Same journal

Lectins of the Emp47/ERGIC-53 family target misfolded O-mannosylated ER proteins to ER-associated degradation.

Cell reports·2026
Same journal

Single-nucleotide RNA m<sup>6</sup>A mapping in bovine preimplantation development reveals site-specific regulation of RPL12 at zygotic genome activation.

Cell reports·2026
Same journal

M4-ipRGCs regulate contrast sensitivity in vision.

Cell reports·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 2, 2025

The bm12 Inducible Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus SLE in C57BL/6 Mice
12:04

The bm12 Inducible Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus SLE in C57BL/6 Mice

Published on: November 1, 2015

18.3K

Complement C4A Regulates Autoreactive B Cells in Murine Lupus.

Léa Simoni1, Jessy Presumey1, Cees E van der Poel1

  • 1Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Cell Reports
|November 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Complement C4A protein is more protective against systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) than C4B. C4A reduces autoimmune responses by clearing self-antigens and excluding autoreactive B cells.

Keywords:
B cell toleranceComplement C4Murine modelSLE

More Related Videos

Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice
09:43

Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice

Published on: June 8, 2022

3.3K
Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting for Purification of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells from the Mouse Bone Marrow
08:01

Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting for Purification of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells from the Mouse Bone Marrow

Published on: November 4, 2016

12.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 2, 2025

The bm12 Inducible Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus SLE in C57BL/6 Mice
12:04

The bm12 Inducible Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus SLE in C57BL/6 Mice

Published on: November 1, 2015

18.3K
Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice
09:43

Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice

Published on: June 8, 2022

3.3K
Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting for Purification of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells from the Mouse Bone Marrow
08:01

Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting for Purification of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells from the Mouse Bone Marrow

Published on: November 4, 2016

12.8K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

  • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a severe autoimmune disease driven by autoantibodies.
  • The complement protein C4, specifically its isoforms C4A and C4B, plays a role in SLE pathogenesis.
  • Genetic studies suggest C4A offers greater protection against SLE than C4B, despite high homology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the differential protective effects of C4A and C4B isoforms in a lupus mouse model.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which C4A confers protection in SLE.

Main Methods:

  • Generation of gene-edited mouse strains expressing human C4A or C4B.
  • Crossing these engineered mice with the 564lgi lupus strain.
  • Assessment of humoral autoimmunity, germinal center formation, autoreactive B cells, autoantibodies, and memory B cells.

Main Results:

  • C4A-expressing mice exhibited reduced humoral autoimmunity compared to C4B-expressing mice.
  • A decrease in germinal centers, autoreactive B cells, autoantibodies, and memory B cells was observed in C4A-like mice.
  • C4A demonstrated higher efficiency in self-antigen clearance, linked to follicular exclusion of autoreactive B cells.

Conclusions:

  • The C4A isoform provides protection against lupus by enhancing self-antigen clearance and promoting follicular exclusion of autoreactive B cells.
  • These findings clarify the protective role of C4A in SLE.
  • C4A presents a potential therapeutic strategy for SLE treatment.