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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids01:21

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids

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Glucocorticoids, a class of anti-inflammatory drugs, are pivotal in treating moderate to severe Crohn's disease by inducing remission. They exhibit their anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and chemokines like IL-8. In addition, they reduce the expression of inflammatory cell adhesion molecules and inhibit gene transcription of nitric oxide synthase, phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase-2...
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Antiasthma Drugs: Inhaled Corticosteroids and Glucocorticoids01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Inhaled Corticosteroids and Glucocorticoids

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Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are anti-inflammatory drugs used primarily in treating persistent asthma and providing long-term maintenance. They target the bronchial mucosa, the lining of the airways, to control inflammation, a critical factor in asthma progression and exacerbation.
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Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 2, 2025

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation
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Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

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Glucocorticoids in T cell development, differentiation and function.

Matthew D Taves1, Jonathan D Ashwell2

  • 1Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Nature Reviews. Immunology
|November 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Endogenous glucocorticoids (GCs) play a dual role in T cell immunity, both promoting and suppressing immune responses. These hormones are crucial for immune system regulation, impacting T cell development and function.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Glucocorticoids (GCs) are vital adrenal hormones regulating homeostasis and immune activity.
  • GCs influence metabolism, cardiovascular, neural, reproductive, and immune functions.
  • Current understanding of GCs in immunity primarily stems from exogenous administration for inflammatory conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the complex roles of endogenous glucocorticoids in T cell immunity.
  • To explore how GCs promote and suppress various aspects of T cell responses.
  • To understand the significance of both systemic and local GC production in immune regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on glucocorticoid effects on T cells.
  • Analysis of T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire selection in the thymus.
  • Investigation of T cell trafficking and differentiation influenced by GCs.

Main Results:

  • Endogenous GCs differentially regulate T cell immunity, exhibiting both suppressive and promotional effects.
  • GCs influence T cell development, including TCR self-affinity selection and trafficking.
  • GCs modulate specific T helper cell responses (e.g., suppressing TH1, permitting TH2 and IL-17+ T cells) and memory T cell differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • Endogenous GCs have multifaceted roles in shaping T cell immunity, extending beyond their anti-inflammatory actions.
  • Local, extra-adrenal GC production allows for targeted signaling to activated T cells in specific tissues.
  • GCs provide a nuanced regulatory mechanism for T cell populations during development and immune responses.