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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 2, 2025

Investigating the Function of Deep Cortical and Subcortical Structures Using Stereotactic Electroencephalography: Lessons from the Anterior Cingulate Cortex
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The Anterior Cingulate Cortex Predicts Future States to Mediate Model-Based Action Selection.

Thomas Akam1, Ines Rodrigues-Vaz2, Ivo Marcelo3

  • 1Champalimaud Neuroscience Program, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.

Neuron
|November 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) predicts future states and monitors outcomes, playing a key role in flexible, model-based decision-making and behavioral control.

Keywords:
anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)behaviorcalcium imagingdecision makingmodel-basedoptogeneticsreinforcement learning

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Decision Science

Background:

  • Behavioral control involves distinct model-based and model-free systems.
  • Model-based decision-making relies on predicting action consequences, but its neural basis is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in model-based behavioral control.
  • To determine how the ACC implements predictions and monitors outcomes in decision-making.

Main Methods:

  • Calcium imaging and optogenetics were used in mice performing a sequential decision task.
  • Neural activity in the ACC was recorded during decision-making and outcome evaluation.

Main Results:

  • The ACC predicts the next state resulting from an action, not just its valence (good/bad).
  • ACC activity represents the task's complete state space and monitors prediction errors.
  • Reward signals in ACC depend on the state, not the preceding choice.

Conclusions:

  • The ACC is crucial for updating model-based strategies, not basic reinforcement learning.
  • The ACC acts as a critical node for model-based control, specifically predicting future states.