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Updated: Dec 2, 2025

Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies
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Optimizing Term Delivery and Mode of Delivery.

Timothy Wen1, Amy L Turitz2

  • 1Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.

Clinics in Perinatology
|November 6, 2020
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Summary

Nonindicated deliveries should occur no earlier than 39 weeks for improved outcomes. Obstetric providers must weigh risks and benefits for medically indicated early term deliveries.

Keywords:
Early term deliveryFull-term deliveryMode of deliveryObstetric comorbidities

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Background:

  • Contemporary research indicates improved outcomes for deliveries between 39 weeks and 40 weeks and 6 days.
  • Early term deliveries before 39 weeks may be associated with suboptimal maternal and fetal outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a framework for optimizing term delivery timing.
  • To review the evidentiary support for delivery timing decisions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on term delivery outcomes.
  • Analysis of indications for delivery before 39 weeks.

Main Results:

  • Nonindicated deliveries are recommended no earlier than 39 weeks.
  • Medical, obstetric, and fetal indications necessitate individualized risk-benefit assessments for delivery before 39 weeks.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing term delivery timing requires careful consideration of maternal and fetal well-being.
  • Evidence supports delaying nonindicated deliveries until at least 39 weeks gestation.