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The Outcome of Salt Treatment for Umbilical Granuloma: A Systematic Review
Hansa Haftu1, Helen Bitew2, Atsede Gebrekidan1
1Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Tigray, Ethiopia.
Insights
Salt treatment effectively resolves umbilical granuloma in children with no adverse effects or recurrence. This simple, accessible method offers a promising solution for this common neonatal umbilical disorder.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal care
- Pediatric dermatology
- Clinical research
Background:
- Umbilical granuloma is a common pediatric umbilical mass.
- It arises from inflammation secondary to subclinical infections after cord detachment.
- Optimal treatment remains unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the efficacy of salt treatment for umbilical granuloma.
- To evaluate complete resolution, adverse effects, and recurrence rates.
- To assess treatment effectiveness in inpatient and outpatient settings.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature search across PubMed, Google Scholar, and Medline.
- Inclusion of English-language articles published since 1990.
- Focus on pediatric patients under 24 months, using keywords like "umbilical granuloma" and "salt treatment."
Main Results:
- Salt treatment demonstrated excellent resolution rates for umbilical granuloma.
- No significant adverse effects were reported in treated patients.
- Subsequent follow-up showed no recurrence of the umbilical granuloma.
Conclusions:
- Cooking salt is an effective, inexpensive, and readily available treatment for umbilical granuloma.
- The application is simple and can be performed by non-healthcare professionals.
- The treatment appears to have a null recurrence rate and no reported side effects.
Background:
An umbilical granuloma is one of the common umbilical masses in young children which appears after the cords fall off, mainly due to an inflammatory reaction to subclinical infections. Though there are different recommendations of treatment modalities, which management modality is the best is not clear yet.
Objective:
This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of salt treatment in terms of complete resolution of the granuloma, any adverse effect, and any recurrence risk in those patients treated as inpatient or outpatient care.
Methodology:
The literature search was done using search engines including Google scholar, PubMed, and Medlin. Articles published since 1990 and written in the English language with a target population of young children (less than 24 months) were included. To retrieve the articles, umbilical granuloma, treatment of umbilical granuloma, salt treatment, and neonatal umbilical disorder were used as keywords.
Results:
This systematic review indicated that the majority of the studies done on salt treatment for umbilical granuloma show excellent response (complete resolution of the granuloma/discharge) with no adverse effect and no recurrence in the subsequent follow-up of the patients in almost all cases of the treatment group. Salt inside the occluded hyperosmolar chamber causes shrinkage of granuloma by a desiccant effect.
Conclusion:
Cooking salt treatment for umbilical granuloma is effective, cheap, available, and easy to apply by non-health professionals. No side effects have been reported yet and a recurrence of the granuloma after treatment seems to be null.
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