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How often we diagnose allergy to ranitidine?

I C Bocșan1, O Sabin, D Matei

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Ranitidine hypersensitivity reactions, though rare, can cause anaphylaxis. Allergy evaluation is crucial for diagnosis and preventing future severe reactions to this common H2 receptor antagonist.

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical Immunology
  • Pharmacovigilance
  • Drug Safety

Background:

  • H2 receptor antagonists (H2RA) like ranitidine are widely prescribed and generally safe.
  • Hypersensitivity reactions (HR) to ranitidine are uncommon but can be severe, including anaphylaxis.
  • Recognizing ranitidine as a potential allergen is critical for patient safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight ranitidine as a cause of anaphylaxis.
  • To discuss the role and limitations of allergological evaluations in diagnosing ranitidine hypersensitivity.
  • To review reported cases and database adverse events related to ranitidine.

Main Methods:

  • Review of published case reports on ranitidine-induced hypersensitivity reactions.
  • Analysis of ranitidine-related adverse events from the Eudravigilance database.
  • Clinical case presentation to illustrate ranitidine hypersensitivity.

Main Results:

  • Most ranitidine-induced allergic reactions are immediate Type I hypersensitivity, presenting with varied clinical symptoms.
  • Delayed hypersensitivity reactions, including those from occupational exposure, have also been documented.
  • Analysis of adverse event data supports the occurrence of ranitidine-related hypersensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • Allergy evaluation is essential for confirming ranitidine hypersensitivity and guiding avoidance strategies.
  • Prompt reporting of suspected ranitidine reactions enhances pharmacovigilance and informs clinical recommendations.
  • Early diagnosis and avoidance of ranitidine can prevent potentially severe allergic outcomes.