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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 1, 2025

Identification and Quantification of Decomposition Mechanisms in Lithium-Ion Batteries; Input to Heat Flow Simulation for Modeling Thermal Runaway

Identification and Quantification of Decomposition Mechanisms in Lithium-Ion Batteries; Input to Heat Flow Simulation for Modeling Thermal Runaway

Published on: March 7, 2022

Lithium-enriched graphite anode surfaces investigated using nuclear reaction analysis.

Matthew Chebuske¹, Seiichiro Higashiya, Spencer Flottman

¹State University of New York Polytechnic Institute, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, USA. hefstathiadis@sunypoly.edu.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)

|November 6, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Lithium-ion battery anodes retain significant lithium within 300 nm of the surface, even when fully discharged. This surface lithium, including the solid electrolyte interphase, accounts for most irreversible lithium loss during battery operation.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Nuclear Physics

Background:

Graphitic anodes are crucial for Li-ion batteries.
Understanding lithium distribution is key to improving battery performance and lifespan.
Irreversible lithium loss impacts battery capacity and cycle life.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate lithium distribution in graphitic anodes using non-destructive techniques.
To quantify lithium presence in the surface layer, including the solid electrolyte interphase.
To determine the contribution of the surface region to irreversible lithium loss.

Main Methods:

Utilized non-destructive Li nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) techniques.
Performed surface profiling of lithium distribution on graphitic anodes.
Analyzed lithium concentrations within the top 300 nm of the anode surface.

Main Results:

Elevated lithium concentrations were observed within 300 nm of the anode surface.
Significant lithium accumulation persists even in fully delithiated states.
The surface region, encompassing the solid electrolyte interphase, stores at least 60% of the total irreversibly lost lithium.

Conclusions:

The surface layer of graphitic anodes acts as a significant sink for irreversible lithium.
The solid electrolyte interphase plays a critical role in lithium trapping.
Addressing surface lithium accumulation is essential for enhancing Li-ion battery efficiency and longevity.