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Chest imaging in paediatric pulmonary TB

Tanyia Pillay1, Savvas Andronikou2, Heather J Zar3

  • 1Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, and SA-MRC unit on Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Radiology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, South Africa.

Paediatric Respiratory Reviews
|November 8, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Diagnosing childhood tuberculosis (TB) is difficult due to non-specific symptoms. This review explores advanced imaging techniques like CT and MRI for better pulmonary TB diagnosis and complication assessment in children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Radiology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading infectious cause of death globally.
  • Diagnosing pulmonary TB in children presents challenges due to vague symptoms, specimen collection difficulties, and low bacterial counts.
  • Plain radiograph findings for pediatric pulmonary TB are often non-specific, complicating diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the benefits and characteristics of cross-sectional imaging modalities.
  • To evaluate the utility of ultrasound, CT, and MRI in diagnosing pediatric pulmonary TB.
  • To assess the role of these imaging techniques in identifying TB complications in children.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on cross-sectional imaging for pediatric pulmonary TB.
  • Analysis of imaging features of pulmonary TB on ultrasound, CT, and MRI.
  • Evaluation of diagnostic accuracy and complication detection capabilities.

Main Results:

  • Cross-sectional imaging offers advantages over plain radiographs in diagnosing pediatric pulmonary TB.
  • CT and MRI provide detailed anatomical information, aiding in the identification of TB and its complications.
  • Ultrasound can be a useful adjunct, particularly for pleural effusions and superficial lymphadenopathy.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced cross-sectional imaging techniques like CT and MRI are valuable tools for diagnosing pulmonary TB in children.
  • These modalities improve the detection of TB complications and aid in treatment monitoring.
  • Integrating advanced imaging can overcome the limitations of conventional radiography in pediatric TB diagnosis.

Keywords:
Chest imagingChildrenComputerised tomographyMedical resonance imagingTuberculosis

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