Oral dysfunctions and cognitive impairment/dementia

Area of Science:

• Gerontology
• Neuroscience
• Oral Health

Background:

• The global aging population is experiencing a significant rise in dementia cases, posing a major social challenge.
• Established links exist between oral disorders and various systemic conditions, including cardiovascular diseases and diabetes.
• Dementia patients often exhibit poor oral hygiene and tooth loss, traditionally attributed to cognitive and physical impairments.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the intricate relationship between aging, oral dysfunction, and the development of dementia.
• To explore emerging evidence suggesting oral health issues may contribute to dementia onset.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of cross-sectional studies and recent research.
• Analysis of the impact of oral conditions on cognitive function in the elderly.

Main Results:

• Poor oral conditions and tooth loss are prevalent in dementia patients, often due to difficulties in self-care.
• Emerging research indicates that tooth loss and occlusal dysfunction may negatively impact brain function.
• Evidence suggests a bidirectional relationship where oral dysfunction could be a causative factor in dementia.

Conclusions:

• Oral dysfunction is increasingly recognized as more than a consequence of dementia in the elderly.
• Oral dysfunction may play a significant role as a contributing factor in the onset of dementia and neurodegenerative diseases.