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Related Concept Videos

Solubility03:00

Solubility

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Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
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The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 1, 2025

Rendering SiO2/Si Surfaces Omniphobic by Carving Gas-Entrapping Microtextures Comprising Reentrant and Doubly Reentrant Cavities or Pillars
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Molecular-Structure-Induced Under-Liquid Dual Superlyophobic Surfaces.

Zhihong Zhao1, Yuzhen Ning1, Xu Jin2

  • 1Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.

ACS Nano
|November 9, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a dual superlyophobic surface with opposite wettability in water and oil. This breakthrough utilizes self-assembled molecules for advanced liquid separation applications.

Keywords:
chain lengthon-demand water/oil separationreconfigurable molecular conformationswitchable wettabilityunder-liquid dual superlyophobicity

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Surface Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Superlyophobic surfaces exhibit unique properties for liquid manipulation.
  • Achieving dual superlyophobicity (superoleophobicity in water and superhydrophobicity in oil) is challenging due to thermodynamic constraints.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a surface with coexisting under-oil superhydrophobicity and under-water superoleophobicity.
  • To demonstrate a method for controlling wettability through molecular conformational transitions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing hydroxythiol self-assembled monolayers on surfaces.
  • Manipulating the exposure of hydrophobic or hydrophilic moieties by altering molecular orientation in different solvents (water and oil).

Main Results:

  • Surfaces exhibited under-water superoleophobicity due to exposed hydroxyl groups in water.
  • Surfaces transitioned from under-oil superhydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity (for n ≥ 4) in oil, influenced by molecular orientation.
  • Successfully demonstrated on-demand oil/water separation based on the achieved under-liquid dual superlyophobicity.

Conclusions:

  • Surface design amplifies molecular conformational transitions into macroscopic wettability changes.
  • This approach enables the creation of materials with tunable, opposite superwettability.
  • The findings offer potential for developing advanced liquid separation technologies.