Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment01:24

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

785
Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of...
785
Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

1.3K
Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...
1.3K
Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions01:24

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions

112
Intermittent intravenous (IV) infusion is a method of drug administration where medications are delivered over short infusion periods followed by intervals of no drug delivery. This approach helps to prevent sustained high drug concentrations in the bloodstream, reducing the risk of adverse effects associated with prolonged exposure. Unlike continuous infusion, steady-state concentrations may not be achieved during a single dosing cycle but can be reached through repeated...
112
Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters01:01

Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters

68
It is not uncommon for complete drug pharmacokinetic profiles to remain elusive in pharmacokinetics. This necessitates certain educated assumptions by pharmacokineticists to determine appropriate dosage regimens without comprehensive pharmacokinetic data from animal or human studies. One prevalent assumption is setting the bioavailability factor, denoted as F, to 1 or 100%. This assumption caters to the scenario where a drug doesn't achieve full systemic absorption, resulting in the patient...
68
Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacokinetics01:31

Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacokinetics

1.7K
Direct-acting cholinergic agonists, such as synthetic choline esters and naturally occurring alkaloids, exert their effects by enhancing the actions of acetylcholine and stimulating the parasympathetic nervous system. Synthetic choline esters share structural similarities with acetylcholine. For example, they have a positively charged quaternary ammonium or onium group, contributing to their hydrophilic characteristics. As a result, they are poorly absorbed in the body through oral...
1.7K
Bioavailability Study Design: Healthy Subjects Versus Patients01:15

Bioavailability Study Design: Healthy Subjects Versus Patients

66
Bioavailability studies are essential for evaluating a drug's therapeutic efficacy and understanding its absorption patterns under various physiological conditions. Conducting such studies on target patient populations provides more relevant data by simulating real-world disease states. However, practical challenges often necessitate the use of young, healthy adult volunteers as study subjects.Patients may exhibit altered drug absorption patterns due to the effects of the disease itself,...
66

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Myotonia Mimicking Paroxysmal Dystonia: Two Cases of SCN4A Temperature-Sensitive Sodium Channelopathy.

Movement disorders clinical practice·2026
Same author

Dystonia in Parkinson's disease: Clinical characteristics and predictors of treatment response.

Parkinsonism & related disorders·2026
Same author

A sacred prelude to aphasia: Demystifying a diagnostic trinity.

Parkinsonism & related disorders·2026
Same authorSame journal

Bridging the global Parkinson's divide: Technology as a structural solution for equitable and brain health-integrated care.

Journal of Parkinson's disease·2026
Same author

Beyond hypoxia: Systemic acidemia and respiratory insufficiency in Lance-Adams syndrome.

Journal of the neurological sciences·2026
Same author

Stereotypies misdiagnosed as functional neurological disorder in late-onset Niemann-Pick C.

Parkinsonism & related disorders·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 1, 2025

Rating L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesias in the Unilaterally 6-OHDA-Lesioned Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease
06:45

Rating L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesias in the Unilaterally 6-OHDA-Lesioned Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease

Published on: October 4, 2021

3.2K

Continuous Subcutaneous Levodopa Delivery for Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized Study.

C Warren Olanow1,2, Alberto J Espay3, Fabrizio Stocchi4

  • 1Clintrex Research Corp, Sarasota, FL, USA.

Journal of Parkinson'S Disease
|November 9, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Continuous subcutaneous levodopa/carbidopa infusion (ND0612) effectively reduced OFF time in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. The 24-hour regimen showed greater efficacy, with infusion site reactions being the main adverse event.

Keywords:
Motor fluctuationsND0612Parkinson’s diseasesubcutaneous levodopa infusion

More Related Videos

Induction and Assessment of Levodopa-induced Dyskinesias in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease
05:51

Induction and Assessment of Levodopa-induced Dyskinesias in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease

Published on: October 14, 2021

4.2K
Remotely Supervised Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: An Update on Safety and Tolerability
08:22

Remotely Supervised Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: An Update on Safety and Tolerability

Published on: October 7, 2017

8.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 1, 2025

Rating L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesias in the Unilaterally 6-OHDA-Lesioned Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease
06:45

Rating L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesias in the Unilaterally 6-OHDA-Lesioned Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease

Published on: October 4, 2021

3.2K
Induction and Assessment of Levodopa-induced Dyskinesias in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease
05:51

Induction and Assessment of Levodopa-induced Dyskinesias in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease

Published on: October 14, 2021

4.2K
Remotely Supervised Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: An Update on Safety and Tolerability
08:22

Remotely Supervised Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: An Update on Safety and Tolerability

Published on: October 7, 2017

8.4K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pharmacology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by motor fluctuations.
  • ND0612 is an investigational continuous subcutaneous levodopa/carbidopa delivery system.
  • This system aims to manage motor fluctuations in PD patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of two ND0612 dosing regimens.
  • To assess the impact of continuous subcutaneous levodopa/carbidopa on OFF time and ON time with dyskinesia.

Main Methods:

  • A 28-day open-label study (NCT02577523) involving PD patients with significant OFF time.
  • Randomization to either a 24-hour or a 14-hour waking-day infusion regimen.
  • In-clinic assessments of OFF time and ON time with/without dyskinesia.

Main Results:

  • Overall OFF time was reduced by a LS mean of 2.0 hours (p=0.003).
  • ON time with no/mild dyskinesia increased by 3.3 hours (p<0.0001), while ON time with moderate/severe dyskinesia decreased by 1.2 hours (p≤0.001).
  • The 24-hour infusion group showed a larger reduction in OFF time (-2.8 hours) compared to the 14-hour group (-1.3 hours). Complete OFF time resolution occurred in 42% of the 24-hour group.

Conclusions:

  • Continuous subcutaneous levodopa delivery is feasible and safe for PD treatment.
  • Preliminary evidence suggests efficacy in managing motor fluctuations.
  • ND0612 offers a potential new therapeutic option for Parkinson's disease.