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Providing goal reminders eliminates the relationship between working memory capacity and Stroop errors.

Audrey V B Hood1, Keith A Hutchison2

  • 1Department of Psychology, Montana State University, P.O. Box 173440, Bozeman, MT, 59717-3440, USA.

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|November 9, 2020
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Summary

Periodic goal reminders eliminated the link between working memory capacity (WMC) and Stroop task interference. This suggests goal maintenance, not just WMC, influences performance on complex cognitive tasks.

Keywords:
Cognitive controlGoal neglectStroop interferenceWorking memory capacity

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • List-wide effects in the Stroop task correlate with working memory capacity (WMC).
  • Goal maintenance is the leading explanation for this WMC-Stroop relationship.
  • The role of goal maintenance in this interaction is debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if goal maintenance explains WMC's influence on Stroop performance.
  • To test the effect of periodic goal reminders on Stroop interference in relation to WMC.

Main Methods:

  • 212 participants completed the Automated Operation Span task to assess WMC.
  • Participants were assigned to a true control, goal reminder, or nongoal reminder condition.
  • The Stroop task was administered with varying reminder frequencies and content.

Main Results:

  • Working memory capacity (WMC) negatively correlated with Stroop errors in the true control group.
  • This WMC-Stroop error relationship disappeared in the goal reminder condition.
  • A nongoal reminder condition showed an overall effect of WMC, but no interaction.

Conclusions:

  • Periodic goal reminders effectively eliminate the relationship between WMC and Stroop interference.
  • These findings support the critical role of active goal maintenance in cognitive control.
  • The study challenges purely capacity-based explanations for WMC-Stroop interactions.