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Hindsight Biases

Hindsight Biases

Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now?

Personal Choice and Fate Attributions

Personal Choice and Fate Attributions

Some individuals interpret life events as a consequence of their personal choices and actions, while others believe that outcomes are dictated by fate or destiny. This divergence in perspective has been examined in psychological and cross-cultural studies, particularly in relation to religious faith and cultural beliefs about causality.Fate and Personal ResponsibilityPeople who emphasize personal responsibility view events as direct consequences of their decisions. For instance, breaking a leg...

Reason and Intuition

Reason and Intuition

The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...

Magical Thinking

Magical Thinking

Magical thinking encompasses the belief in assumptions that defy logical reasoning yet appear intuitively convincing. It is a common psychological phenomenon that persists across various cultural and individual contexts. While these assumptions contradict empirical evidence and scientific laws, they often serve meaningful psychological roles in promoting emotional resilience and a sense of control, especially under stress or uncertainty.Thought-Action Fusion and the Law of SimilarityA key...

Decision Making

Decision Making

Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...

Decision Making: Traditional Method

Decision Making: Traditional Method

The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 1, 2025

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods

Published on: September 19, 2012

Serendipity, good choices and some risk taking.

Robert J Maiden¹

¹Department of Psychology and Gerontology, Alfred University , Alfred, New York, USA.

Gerontology & Geriatrics Education

|November 9, 2020

Summary

Dr. M. Powell Lawton, a leader in gerontology, championed applied research and advocacy for older adults. His mentorship fostered compassion and improved the work of emerging gerontologists, ensuring his legacy continues.

Keywords:

Advocacy geriatric fellowship history of gerontology role models

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Area of Science:

Gerontology
Geriatric Medicine
Social Gerontology

Background:

Reflecting on Dr. M. Powell Lawton's contributions during the Gerontological Society of America's 75th anniversary.
Recounting a formative clinical fellowship under Dr. Lawton's mentorship at the Philadelphia Geriatric Center.

Purpose of the Study:

To honor Dr. Lawton's legacy by highlighting his character, compassion, and advocacy for older adults.
To emphasize the impact of his mentorship on emerging gerontologists and the field.

Main Methods:

Autobiographical reflection and personal narrative.
Qualitative assessment of mentorship impact.

Main Results:

Dr. Lawton was a role model, valued for his character and compassion, not solely his research.
His advocacy and applied research provided tangible benefits for older adults.
His mentorship fostered enthusiasm and constructive criticism, enhancing the work of trainees.

Conclusions:

Dr. Lawton's philosophy of care and advocacy for older adults remains influential.
His mentorship approach is being passed on to future gerontologists through teaching.
The enduring legacy of Dr. Lawton lies in his compassionate approach to aging research and practice.