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Jeffrey D Rudolf1, Tyler A Alsup1, Baofu Xu1

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Bacteria produce a diverse range of terpenoids, or isoprenoids, despite their rarity in known natural products. This review catalogs bacterial terpenoids, revealing novel structures and biosynthetic pathways for drug discovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Natural Product Chemistry
  • Microbial Genomics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Terpenoids (isoprenoids) are the largest and most structurally diverse class of natural products, with over 80,000 known compounds.
  • While plants and fungi are major sources, bacterial terpenoids are comparatively rare, despite bacteria possessing the genetic machinery for their synthesis.
  • This study focuses on cataloging and characterizing terpenoids of bacterial origin.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compile and classify bacterial-derived terpenoids.
  • To explore the structural diversity, biosynthesis, and biological activities of bacterial terpenoids.
  • To highlight the potential of bacterial terpenoids in drug discovery and enzymology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and data compilation of known bacterial terpenoids up to mid-2020.
  • Classification of 1062 identified natural products into two major families and 55 subfamilies.
  • Analysis of structures, biosynthetic pathways, and reported biological activities.

Main Results:

  • A catalog of 1062 bacterial terpenoids was compiled, representing primary and secondary metabolites.
  • Bacterial terpenoids were classified into two major families and 55 distinct subfamilies.
  • The review discusses the structural diversity, biosynthesis, and bioactivities of these compounds.

Conclusions:

  • The bacterial terpenome, though smaller than other sources, offers unique opportunities for research.
  • Similarities to non-bacterial terpenoids provide model systems for pathway characterization.
  • Novel bacterial terpenoid skeletons, pathways, and activities present avenues for drug discovery, genome mining, and enzymology.