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Related Concept Videos

Inhaled Medications01:23

Inhaled Medications

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Inhaled medications are crucial for managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. They are essential for effective treatment and control, ensuring optimal respiratory health and well-being. Inhaled medication delivers drugs directly to the lungs, providing a rapid onset of action and reducing systemic side effects compared to oral or injectable medications. Three primary types of inhalation devices are used to administer these medications: nebulizers, metered-dose inhalers...
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Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management01:30

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The diagnosis and management of asthma are comprehensive, encompassing clinical assessments, lung function tests, and pharmacological interventions. Here's an overview:
Clinical Assessment for Asthma:
This is the first step in diagnosing and managing asthma. It includes:
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Antiasthma Drugs: Inhaled Corticosteroids and Glucocorticoids01:25

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Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are anti-inflammatory drugs used primarily in treating persistent asthma and providing long-term maintenance. They target the bronchial mucosa, the lining of the airways, to control inflammation, a critical factor in asthma progression and exacerbation.
ICS work through a multifaceted mechanism of action. They suppress the inflammatory response caused by the proliferation of TH cells. They also reduce the transcription of the IL-2 gene, which is involved in the...
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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
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COPD: Management Using Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids01:26

COPD: Management Using Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary isease (COPD) involves a group of progressive lung disorders characterized by persistent airflow limitation and chronic respiratory symptoms. Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS), encompassing features of both asthma and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is a group of progressive lung disorders that includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and refractory (non-reversible) asthma. ACOS leads to complex clinical presentations that combine the inflammatory...
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Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

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Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 1, 2025

Dry Powder and Nebulized Aerosol Inhalation of Pharmaceuticals Delivered to Mice Using a Nose-only Exposure System
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Multidisciplinary consensus on inhaled therapy in asthma.

Antonio L Valero1, José A Trigueros2, Vicente Plaza3

  • 1Allergy Unit, Pneumology Department, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain.

Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine
|November 10, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Healthcare specialists reached a consensus on optimal asthma inhaled therapy, recommending daily low-dose inhaled corticosteroids for mild persistent asthma. Maintenance and Reliever Therapy (MART) is advised for moderate cases, with Breath-Actuated Inhalers favored.

Keywords:
Asthmabreath-actuated inhalersconsensus

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Allergy and Immunology
  • General Practice

Background:

  • Asthma management involves multidisciplinary healthcare professionals.
  • Optimal inhaled therapy and initial treatment steps require specialist consensus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To achieve consensus on inhaled therapy and initial asthma treatment strategies.
  • To evaluate specialist opinions on controversial asthma management statements.

Main Methods:

  • A modified Delphi approach was employed.
  • 52 controversial statements were evaluated by primary care physicians, allergists, and pulmonologists.
  • Specialty-specific discrepancies in asthma treatment were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Consensus was achieved on 37 out of 52 statements (71.1%).
  • Low-dose inhaled corticosteroids daily were recommended for mild persistent asthma.
  • Maintenance and Reliever Therapy (MART) was recommended for moderate persistent asthma.
  • Breath-Actuated Inhalers (BAI) were considered suitable for all patients capable of voluntary inhalation.

Conclusions:

  • Experts generally support existing asthma guidelines but differ on recent GINA recommendations for initial treatment steps.
  • The unique features of Breath-Actuated Inhalers (BAI) are positively regarded by specialists.