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Diagnosis, Management, and Percutaneous Sampling of Nipple-Areolar Calcifications: How Radiologists Can Help Patients
Kristine S Burk1, Stephen J Seiler2, Jessica H Porembka2
1Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.
Objective:
Both benign and malignant causes of calcifications in the nipple-areolar complex exist. BI-RADS terminology applies to the description and classification of nipple-areolar calcifications in the same way it does to calcifications elsewhere in the breast. Minimally invasive sampling can be performed safely and accurately with ultrasound-guided techniques, with a few technical modifications.
Conclusion:
This article provides insight regarding the management algorithm and image-guided interventional techniques for sampling nipple-areolar calcifications as an essential competency for breast imaging practices.
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