Congenital Neck Masses

Congenital neck masses (CNMs) are developmental malformations that present with a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms and signs. They account for 21% to 45% of neck masses in children and 5% to 14% in adults. This study aimed to present the clinical manifestations and treatment of CNM from single-institution experiences. A retrospective analysis of patients surgically treated for CNM in a 12-year period was performed. Altogether, 117 patients (female/male ratio, 1:1.05) were diagnosed with CNM. The mean age at presentation was 26.91 years (range, 0.01-84 years). Within the study population, 120 CNMs were identified: 52 (43.33%) thyroglossal duct remnants, 48 (40.00%) branchial cleft anomalies, 7 (5.83%) epidermoid/dermoid cysts, 4 (3.33%) hemangiomas, 3 (2.50%) lymphangiomas, 1 (0.83%) hemangiolymphangioma, 1 (0.83%) hemangioendothelioma, 1 (0.83%) internal laryngocele, 1 (0.83%) external laryngocele, 1 (0.83%) ectopic thyroid gland, and 1 (0.83%) parathyroid cyst. The lateral neck region was the most frequently affected anatomical site, followed by the midline neck location and mediastinum (54%, 45%, and 1%, respectively). Surgical excision was performed in all cases. Recurrence was recorded in 5 (4.17%) patients. The results of this study provide comprehensive information regarding the clinical spectrum of CNM. Successful management of these lesions depends on a thorough understanding of neck embryology and anatomy. Misdiagnosis and improper treatment increase the morbidity and recurrence rate of CNM.