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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...
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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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A gene is the fundamental unit of heredity. Every individual has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent. Although most people contain the same genes, there is a small fraction that is slightly different amongst people. A gene with a small difference in its sequence of DNA bases forms different alleles, contributing to different phenotypes.
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Morphogenesis02:19

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Plant morphogenesis—the development of a plant’s form and structure—involves several overlapping developmental processes, including growth and cell differentiation. Precursor cells differentiate into specific cell types, which are organized into the tissues and organ systems that make up the functional plant.
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Annotation of Plant Gene Function via Combined Genomics, Metabolomics and Informatics
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Multi-level gene regulatory network models to understand complex mechanisms underlying plant development.

Mónica L García-Gómez1, Aaron Castillo-Jiménez2, Juan Carlos Martínez-García3

  • 1Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico.

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Summary

Plant development patterns arise from complex interactions between gene networks and physical forces. Advanced computational models help unravel these dynamics, aiding in understanding cell fate and environmental responses.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Computational Biology
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Plant development involves intricate feedback loops between intracellular regulatory networks and physicochemical fields.
  • Modeling these dynamics is challenging due to wide spatiotemporal scales and multi-level interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss multi-level modeling and simulation tools for studying plant multicellular systems.
  • To highlight advances in modeling regulatory networks and coupling them to physicochemical fields.
  • To explore how these models elucidate patterning mechanisms and environmental responses in plants.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing multi-level modeling and simulation approaches.
  • Integrating computational and mathematical advances for network and field modeling.
  • Analyzing case studies in plant root meristem patterning and environmental responses.

Main Results:

  • Progress has been made in modeling regulatory networks and their coupling to physicochemical fields.
  • Multi-level models offer insights into dynamical constraints on cell-fate decisions.
  • These approaches illuminate mechanisms underlying plant patterning and responses.

Conclusions:

  • Multi-level modeling is crucial for understanding complex plant development dynamics.
  • Computational tools are advancing the study of cell-fate decisions and environmental adaptation in plants.
  • Further integration of multi-scale processes is key to deciphering plant development.