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Necrotising enterocolitis in newborns receiving diazoxide.

Laura A Prado¹, Marina Castro^2,3, Dany E Weisz^2,3

¹Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada lauraalexiaprado@gmail.com.

Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition

|November 11, 2020

Summary

Diazoxide treatment for neonatal hypoglycemia may increase the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). This study found a higher NEC incidence in diazoxide-exposed newborns, particularly premature infants.

Keywords:

intensive care neonatology pharmacology

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Area of Science:

Neonatalogy
Pediatric Gastroenterology
Clinical Pharmacology

Background:

Gastrointestinal issues are common with diazoxide in older patients.
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) incidence in newborns exposed to diazoxide is unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the potential link between diazoxide treatment for neonatal hypoglycemia and NEC development.

Main Methods:

A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted in three Toronto NICUs.
Data from 55 neonates treated with diazoxide for hypoglycemia (July 2012-June 2017) were analyzed.
NEC incidence in exposed infants was compared to non-exposed infants using Canadian Neonatal Network data.

Main Results:

Seven of 55 (13%) diazoxide-exposed neonates developed NEC.
NEC was significantly more prevalent in diazoxide-exposed infants (OR 5.07).
The risk was highest in infants born at 33-36 weeks' gestation (OR 13.76), with most cases occurring within 7 days of diazoxide initiation.

Conclusions:

Findings suggest a possible association between diazoxide exposure and NEC in neonates.
Further research is needed to confirm the diazoxide-associated NEC risk in infants treated for persistent hypoglycemia.