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Related Concept Videos

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

1.0K
Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
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Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

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Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
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Asthma-I: Introduction01:29

Asthma-I: Introduction

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
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Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management01:30

Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management

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The diagnosis and management of asthma are comprehensive, encompassing clinical assessments, lung function tests, and pharmacological interventions. Here's an overview:
Clinical Assessment for Asthma:
This is the first step in diagnosing and managing asthma. It includes:
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Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications01:24

Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications

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Asthma, a common chronic respiratory condition, is classified considering the frequency and severity of symptoms alongside lung function impairment. Understanding this classification is essential for appropriate treatment and management. Here's a detailed look at the classification of asthma and its clinical features and complications:
Classification of Asthma
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Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

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Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
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Related Experiment Video

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Cultivate Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells from Children and Reprogram into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Defining pediatric asthma: phenotypes to endotypes and beyond.

Laura A Conrad1, Michael D Cabana1, Deepa Rastogi2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.

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Summary

Asthma is a complex pediatric lung disease. Recent advances in pathobiology reveal distinct childhood asthma subtypes, moving beyond traditional definitions for personalized medicine.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Asthma is the most common chronic pediatric lung disease, traditionally defined by airway inflammation and symptoms like cough and wheeze.
  • Existing definitions of asthma have limitations due to the complex and heterogeneous nature of the disease.
  • Recent research highlights the need for a more nuanced understanding of asthma classification based on underlying pathobiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent advances in asthma classification based on pathobiology.
  • To contrast clinical and mechanistic features of adult and childhood asthma.
  • To identify key biomarkers distinguishing childhood asthma subtypes and propose an approach for endotyping asthma.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on asthma pathobiology, phenotypes, and endotypes.
  • Comparison of clinical and mechanistic features between adult and childhood asthma.
  • Analysis of biomarkers associated with childhood asthma subtypes, including atopic and non-atopic endotypes.

Main Results:

  • Evidence supports a distinct childhood asthma endotype beyond atopy.
  • Biomarkers for non-atopic asthma require further research.
  • A clinical approach integrating atopy measures, comorbidities, and disease control can help define childhood asthma burden.

Conclusions:

  • Asthma is a complex, heterogeneous disease requiring nuanced definitions.
  • Advances in understanding asthma pathobiology support the development of distinct endotypes.
  • Further research into non-atopic asthma biomarkers, genetics, and epigenetics is crucial for precision medicine in pediatric asthma.