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Related Concept Videos

Boundary Conditions: Lossless Lines01:21

Boundary Conditions: Lossless Lines

264
Consider a single-phase, two-wire, lossless transmission line terminated by an impedance at the receiving end and a source with Thevenin voltage and impedance at the sending end. The line, with length, has a surge impedance and wave velocity determined by the line's inductance and capacitance.
At the receiving end, the boundary condition states that the voltage equals the product of the receiving-end impedance and current. This relationship is expressed as a function of the incident and...
264
Lossless Lines01:23

Lossless Lines

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In electrical engineering, a lossless transmission line is characterized by a purely imaginary propagation constant and a resistive characteristic impedance. The ABCD parameters, which describe the relationship between the input and output voltages and currents, indicate an equivalent π circuit with an imaginary series impedance and a shunt admittance. This results in a transmission line that, when the product of the phase constant (beta) and the length of the line is less than pi, exhibits...
333
Reducing Line Loss01:18

Reducing Line Loss

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In a three-phase circuit, line loss is an indicator of energy dissipated as heat due to the resistance of transmission lines. To address this, incorporating transformers into the system—a step-up transformer at the source and a step-down transformer at the load—is a strategic solution. Two three-phase transformers are introduced to improve this.
With a step-up transformer at the source, the voltage is increased, thereby reducing the current in the transmission lines since power loss in...
272
Traveling Waves: Lossless Lines01:27

Traveling Waves: Lossless Lines

307
The provided content explores the behavior of traveling waves on single-phase lossless transmission lines. It begins with a single-phase two-wire lossless transmission line of length Δx, characterized by a loop inductance LH/m and a line-to-line capacitance C F/m. These parameters result in a series inductance LΔx  and a shunt capacitance CΔx.
307
Lossy Lines and Overvoltages01:22

Lossy Lines and Overvoltages

197
Transmission-line series resistance and shunt conductance cause three primary effects: attenuation, distortion, and power losses.
Attenuation
When constant series resistance and shunt conductance are present, voltage and current equations are modified. The propagation constant indicates that voltage and current waves consist of both forward and backward traveling components. These waves attenuate as they propagate, with the attenuation factor related to the resistance and conductance. In a...
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Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy01:16

Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy

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Confocal microscopy is an advanced microscopic technique. The prime advantage of the confocal microscope over other microscopy techniques is its ability to block the out-of-focus light from the illuminated samples using pinholes. It is widely used with fluorescence optics to obtain high-resolution, sharp contrast images. Unlike optical microscopes, confocal microscopes use a focused beam of light laser to scan the entire sample surface at different z-planes. These microscopes are, therefore,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 1, 2025

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator
08:39

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Lossless reshaping of structured light.

Stirling Scholes, Valeria Rodríguez-Fajardo, Andrew Forbes

    Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision
    |November 11, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We present a lossless, two-step method for reshaping structured light using conformal mapping. This technique ideally transforms light patterns, enhancing applications in classical and quantum communication.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Quantum Information Science

    Background:

    • Structured light controls light's spatial properties (amplitude, phase, polarization).
    • Current methods for creating and detecting structured light are lossy and imperfect.
    • Gaussian mode conversion is a common but inefficient process.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a lossless method for reshaping structured light.
    • To enable ideal transformations of arbitrary structured light patterns.
    • To provide a new tool for structured light applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized conformal mapping for a two-step reshaping process.
    • Developed theoretical framework for lossless light pattern transformation.
    • Experimentally demonstrated the reshaping technique.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved lossless reshaping of structured light patterns.
    • Demonstrated reshaping with correlations exceeding 90%.
    • Identified applicability and implementation guidelines for the technique.

    Conclusions:

    • The conformal mapping technique offers an ideal and lossless approach to structured light manipulation.
    • This method significantly improves upon existing lossy conversion processes.
    • The technique is highly relevant for spatial mode applications in classical and quantum communication.