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Measuring the Complete-arch Distortion of an Optical Dental Impression
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Deep distortion.

C J Brainerd1

  • 1Department of Human Development and Human Neuroscience Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.

Memory (Hove, England)
|November 12, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fuzzy-trace theory reveals deep memory distortions beyond typical false memories. These structural irregularities, like overdistribution and non-additivity, challenge fundamental probability laws in memory recall.

Keywords:
Deep distortionsconjunction illusionsnon-additivitynon-compensationoverdistributionsuper-overdistribution

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Memory Studies
  • Probability Theory

Background:

  • Conventional false memories involve recalling non-existent events (item errors) or misplacing event contexts (source errors).
  • Fuzzy-trace theory posits deeper, structural anomalies underlying these conventional memory errors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore and present evidence for five specific deep memory distortions predicted by fuzzy-trace theory.
  • To demonstrate how these distortions violate fundamental principles of probability and logic.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of accumulated data on five deep memory distortions: overdistribution, non-additivity, conjunction illusions, non-compensation, and super-overdistribution.
  • Analysis of how these phenomena deviate from established axioms of probability and logical principles.

Main Results:

  • Empirical data support the existence of five deep memory distortions.
  • These distortions demonstrably violate the disjunction and additivity axioms of probability and the law of the excluded middle.

Conclusions:

  • Deep memory distortions represent fundamental structural irregularities in memory representation.
  • Explaining how valid experiential representations generate memory regularities that violate basic logic remains a key theoretical challenge.