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Exploring blood alterations in chronic kidney disease and haemodialysis using metabolomics

Yoric Gagnebin1,2, David A Jaques3, Serge Rudaz1,2,4

  • 1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.

Scientific Reports
|November 12, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Metabolomics reveals distinct metabolic patterns between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hemodialysis (HD) patients. These differences in metabolite profiles could explain the higher morbidity and mortality observed in patients undergoing HD.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Metabolomics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) involves uremic solute retention.
  • Patients requiring hemodialysis (HD) exhibit higher morbidity and mortality than non-dialysis CKD patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize and compare metabolic patterns in non-dialysis CKD patients and HD patients using metabolomics.
  • To identify specific metabolite differences that may explain clinical disparities.

Main Methods:

  • Screened prevalent non-HD CKD (KDIGO stage 3b-4) and stage 5 HD outpatients.
  • Utilized liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify 278 metabolites.
  • Applied unsupervised and supervised data analyses to characterize metabolic profiles.

Main Results:

  • Metabolomics analysis revealed distinct clustering of CKD, pre-dialysis (preHD), and post-dialysis (postHD) patient groups.
  • Significant qualitative and quantitative differences in metabolite profiles were observed between CKD, preHD, and postHD states.
  • A metabolomics framework successfully discriminated between CKD stages and highlighted the effects of HD.

Conclusions:

  • Metabolic patterns significantly differ between CKD and HD patients.
  • These identified metabolic differences may elucidate the increased clinical risks associated with hemodialysis.
  • Metabolomics provides a framework for understanding disease progression and treatment effects in kidney disease.

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