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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Occupational Health
  • Digital Health

Background:

  • Digital screen use (visual display terminals/VDTs) is ubiquitous.
  • Increased VDT use correlates with rising visual complaints like eye strain and dryness.
  • Dry eye (DE) is a primary cause of VDT-associated visual discomfort.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the association between digital screens and dry eye (DE).
  • To elucidate the mechanisms of VDT-associated DE.
  • To discuss therapeutic options for screen-associated visual disability.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on VDT use and dry eye (DE).
  • Analysis of shared symptomology and ocular surface parameters.
  • Exploration of implicated mechanisms: blink anomalies, light emission, inflammation.

Main Results:

  • VDT use is associated with dry eye (DE), particularly the evaporative subtype.
  • Mechanisms include blink abnormalities, device light emission, and inflammation.
  • Pre-existing DE can be an inciting and exacerbating factor.

Conclusions:

  • Digital screen use significantly impacts ocular surface health, leading to dry eye.
  • Understanding VDT-associated DE mechanisms is crucial for effective management.
  • Raising awareness can mitigate the global impact of screen-related visual issues.