Identification and characterization of micro-plastics in the marine environment: A mini review

Micro-plastics (MPs) are an environmental threat that has been gaining importance lately with an increasing number of studies demonstrating that they are a larger threat than previously thought. Scientists around the world have used a wide number of methods in their studies and they have adapted changes in response to the specific nature of the research undertaken. This article provides an account of the historical development of the MP menace, development of methods and tools used in MP research and also describes the challenges that are faced to further advancement to take place. The article is categorized into various sections that include history, sources, isolation, extraction, and characterization of MPs. Among the thermal characterization techniques, direct pyrolysis mass spectrometry and secondary ion mass spectrometry, which are widely used to characterize the plastics, but not utilised so far in this field are also highlighted for future direction.