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Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
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Self-starting VCSEL-based optical frequency comb generator.

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    Researchers developed a novel self-starting VCSEL-based optical frequency comb generator (SVOFC). This system demonstrates wide spectral widths and high flatness, crucial for advanced optical applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Optical Engineering
    • Semiconductor Lasers
    • Optical Frequency Combs

    Background:

    • Directly modulated Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) are key components in optical systems.
    • Generating stable and wide optical frequency combs (OFCs) is essential for various applications, including spectroscopy and communications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present the simulation and experimental results of the first closed-loop system for generating optical frequency combs (OFCs) using a directly modulated VCSEL.
    • To develop and validate a self-starting VCSEL-based optical frequency comb generator (SVOFC).

    Main Methods:

    • Intrinsic parameter extraction process applied to a C-band VCSEL.
    • Utilized laser rate equations, static and dynamic measurements, and equivalent circuit models for simulation.
    • Experimental implementation of the C-band SVOFC system.

    Main Results:

    • Simulated widest OFC of 62 GHz and flattest OFC of 0.8 obtained at a repetition frequency (f0) of 2.5 GHz.
    • Experimental results showed flatness > 0.85 and spectral widths of 50 GHz at f0 = 2.5 GHz.
    • Lowest phase noise of -127 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz achieved with a 5 km optical fiber length and f0 = 1.25 GHz.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed SVOFC system offers a promising approach for generating wide and flat optical frequency combs.
    • The system's performance is tunable via repetition frequency and optical fiber length, achieving excellent spectral characteristics and low phase noise.