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Concentration Fluctuations from Localized Atmospheric Releases.

Massimo Cassiani1, Matteo B Bertagni2, Massimo Marro3

  • 1NILU - Norwegian Institue for Air Research, 2027 Kjeller, Norway.

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Summary

Understanding atmospheric concentration fluctuations from localized releases is crucial for safety and environmental assessments. This review covers seventy years of experimental and modeling efforts to characterize these fluctuations, including their probability density functions (PDFs).

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Accidental hazardsConcentration fluctuation variancePlume turbulent dispersionProbability density functionTurbulent mixing

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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric Science
  • Environmental Engineering
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Concentration fluctuations from atmospheric releases impact toxicity, flammability, and odor assessments.
  • Characterizing these fluctuations requires more than mean concentration, often needing variance, probability density functions (PDFs), and temporal evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review seventy years of scientific efforts to understand concentration fluctuations from localized atmospheric releases.
  • To consolidate experimental and modeling approaches for characterizing scalar concentration fluctuations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental studies (field and laboratory) for point and line sources.
  • Categorization of modeling approaches into transport equation-based (numerical) and phenomenological (analytical/semi-analytical) methods.
  • Detailed examination of models including large-eddy simulations, RANS, Lagrangian stochastic models, and fluctuating plume models.

Main Results:

  • Comprehensive overview of experimental data and modeling techniques.
  • Classification of models into numerical (transport equation-based) and analytical/semi-analytical (phenomenological) approaches.
  • Identification of various models like LES, RANS, two-particle Lagrangian stochastic models, and fluctuating plume models.

Conclusions:

  • The review synthesizes a vast body of work on atmospheric concentration fluctuations.
  • Highlights the need for continued experimental validation and model refinement.
  • Suggests potential improvements for future research in atmospheric dispersion modeling.