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St. Louis encephalitis: lessons from the last decade.

T P Monath¹, T F Tsai

¹Division of Vector-Borne Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Fort Collins, Colorado 80522.

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

|November 1, 1987

Summary

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St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) epidemics are preventable with surveillance and vector control. However, recent outbreaks highlight remaining questions in SLE epidemiology and ecology.

Area of Science:

Arbovirology
Epidemiology
Vector-borne disease ecology

Background:

St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) epidemics were historically considered preventable through surveillance and vector abatement.
Nine discrete SLE outbreaks occurred between 1977 and 1986, prompting a re-examination of prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the effectiveness of surveillance and vector abatement in preventing SLE epidemics in light of recent outbreak data.
To review the five interactive factors essential for SLE epidemic development (virus, vector, viremic host, human immunity, environmental temperature) based on current research.

Main Methods:

Analysis of SLE epidemic activity from 1977-1986.
Review of recent research on the five key factors influencing SLE epidemiology.

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Main Results:

Despite progress, significant knowledge gaps persist regarding SLE epidemiology and ecology.
Specific questions remain about the role of Culex pipiens mosquitoes in the western US and potential sylvatic cycles in the east-central US.

Conclusions:

Current understanding of SLE epidemiology and ecology is incomplete.
Further research is needed to identify sensitive predictors of SLE virus activity, understand overwintering mechanisms, and clarify the role of transovarial transmission.