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Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions

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Intermittent intravenous (IV) infusion is a method of drug administration where medications are delivered over short infusion periods followed by intervals of no drug delivery. This approach helps to prevent sustained high drug concentrations in the bloodstream, reducing the risk of adverse effects associated with prolonged exposure. Unlike continuous infusion, steady-state concentrations may not be achieved during a single dosing cycle but can be reached through repeated...

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Intravenous (IV) infusion is often utilized when continuous and controlled drug delivery is necessary, such as during surgery or in the treatment of chronic diseases. This method offers numerous advantages, including immediate drug action, precise control over dosage, and bypassing the first-pass metabolism.
The one-compartment model for IV infusion uses mathematical equations to describe the rate of change in drug quantity in the body. At steady-state or infusion equilibrium, the drug input...

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Updated: Nov 30, 2025

A Femtoliter Droplet Array for Massively Parallel Protein Synthesis from Single DNA Molecules

A Femtoliter Droplet Array for Massively Parallel Protein Synthesis from Single DNA Molecules

Published on: June 20, 2020

Digital droplet infusion.

Zecong Fang¹, Andrew I Li, Hong Liu

¹Micro-Nano Innovations (MiNI) Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. tingrui@ucdavis.edu.

|November 13, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A novel digital droplet infusion (DDI) device offers low-cost, high-precision drug delivery. This microfluidic system achieves ultrahigh resolution droplet volumes and adjustable flow rates, potentially revolutionizing clinical infusion standards.

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High Speed Droplet-based Delivery System for Passive Pumping in Microfluidic Devices

High Speed Droplet-based Delivery System for Passive Pumping in Microfluidic Devices

Published on: September 2, 2009

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Microfluidics
Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

Infusion pumps are standard clinical tools for fluid and medication delivery.
Existing pumps face limitations in precision and cost.
Need for advanced drug delivery systems with enhanced control.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce the digital droplet infusion (DDI) device, a novel high-precision, low-cost infusion system.
To demonstrate the DDI device's capability for ultra-precise fluid delivery using microfluidics.
To evaluate the potential of DDI technology as a next-generation clinical standard.

Main Methods:

Development of a microfluidic discretization unit for converting continuous flow into droplets.
Implementation of a valving unit for precise control over flow discretization duration and frequency.
Utilizing a capillarity-dominated droplet coalescence and pinch-off process monitored by electrodes.
Incorporating digital feedback control via a solenoid valve for flow rate adjustment.

Main Results:

Achieved ultrahigh resolution digital droplet transfer volume as low as 57 nL (three orders of magnitude lower than standard pumps).
Enabled digitally adjustable infusion rates from 0.1 mL/h to 10 mL/h.
Demonstrated programmable infusion profiles and integrated safety features.
Modular design allows for rapid assembly using off-the-shelf and 3D-printed components.

Conclusions:

The DDI device offers a simple, powerful, and low-cost infusion system with exceptional precision.
Its microfluidic approach enables superior control over drug delivery volumes and rates.
DDI technology shows significant potential for adoption as a next-generation clinical standard due to its performance, portability, and cost-effectiveness.