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Formation of Ordered Biomolecular Structures by the Self-assembly of Short Peptides
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Crescent-Shaped Supramolecular Tetrapeptide Nanostructures.

Yin Wang1,2, Zhao Li1, Yulia Shmidov3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|November 13, 2020
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Summary

Researchers developed novel peptide-based crescent nanostructures that release hydrogen sulfide (H2S). These nanostructures effectively reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells, demonstrating potential for targeted drug delivery applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Chemical Biology

Background:

  • Amphiphilic peptide self-assembly typically forms highly symmetric nanostructures like ribbons and tubes.
  • Achieving lower symmetry nanostructures from peptide building blocks remains a significant challenge.
  • Controlled release of therapeutic molecules from nanostructures is crucial for drug delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and synthesize novel peptide-based nanostructures with lower symmetry.
  • To investigate the hydrogen sulfide (H2S) releasing capabilities of these nanostructures.
  • To evaluate the bioactivity and cellular uptake of the nanostructures for potential therapeutic applications.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of tetrapeptides with adamantyl and S-aroylthiooxime (SATO) functionalized lysine residues.
  • Characterization of self-assembled nanostructures using electron microscopy.
  • In vitro studies to assess H2S release, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, and cytotoxicity.
  • Cellular internalization studies in macrophage cells.

Main Results:

  • Formation of persistent and regular crescent nanostructures (28 ± 3 nm diameter) from specific tetrapeptides.
  • Peptide-H2S donor conjugates (PHDCs) released H2S in the presence of cysteine.
  • Crescent nanostructures demonstrated superior ROS reduction and cytotoxicity alleviation compared to nanoworms and other H2S donors.
  • Enhanced cellular uptake and retention of crescent nanostructures in macrophages.

Conclusions:

  • Novel peptide-based crescent nanostructures with controlled H2S release were successfully developed.
  • Nanostructure morphology significantly influences cellular internalization and bioactivity.
  • These nanocrescents show promise as effective drug delivery vehicles for reducing oxidative stress.