Cutaneous leishmaniasis successfully treated with miltefosine.

Area of Science:

• Tropical medicine
• Infectious diseases
• Dermatology

Background:

• Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease with increasing global prevalence.
• Globalization contributes to the rising incidence of leishmaniasis in non-endemic regions like the United States.

Observation:

• Two adult cases of New World cutaneous leishmaniasis (Leishmania Viannia) were diagnosed in New England.
• Both patients had recently traveled to Central America and reported underutilizing sand fly bite prevention measures.

Findings:

• Successful treatment was achieved using oral miltefosine, which was well-tolerated by both patients.
• Miltefosine demonstrates efficacy, tolerability, and ease of administration, supporting its consideration as a first-line agent.

Implications:

• Early diagnosis and treatment are vital to reduce morbidity and mortality, especially for species with mucocutaneous spread potential.
• Collaborative efforts between medical specialties and public health organizations like the CDC are essential for effective leishmaniasis management.
• Vector avoidance remains the primary preventive strategy against leishmaniasis transmission.