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Related Concept Videos

Design Example: Aggregate Gradation01:24

Design Example: Aggregate Gradation

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The right type and quality of aggregates are crucial for concrete as they significantly influence its properties, mix proportions, and cost-effectiveness. If different sources are available for sand, the commonly used fine aggregate in concrete, the selection of sand is primarily based on its gradation.
The grading, or particle-size distribution, of sand is determined using sieve analysis, with standard sizes ranging from 150 μm to 10 mm (ASTM No. 100 sieve to 3⁄8 in. sieve). Sand is...
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Unsoundness of Aggregate due to Volume Change01:26

Unsoundness of Aggregate due to Volume Change

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Unsoundness in aggregates due to volume changes is primarily caused by the physical alterations aggregates undergo, such as freezing and thawing, thermal changes, and wetting and drying. Unsound aggregates, when subjected to these changes, result in volume change upon disintegration. This, in turn, contributes to the deterioration of concrete, including scaling, pop-outs, and cracking. Particular types of aggregates, such as porous flints, cherts, and those containing clay minerals, are...
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Preplaced aggregate concrete is ideal for construction environments that are not easily accessible. The process begins by properly wetting the gap-graded coarse aggregates to remove the dirt, then placing it in the form and compacting it. Voids are filled with a mortar mix pumped under pressure through slotted pipes. This mortar typically consists of Portland cement, pozzolan, fine aggregates, water, and a fluidizing aid. The pozzolan helps reduce bleeding and segregation while improving the...
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Design and Analysis of a Novel Piezoceramic Stack-based Smart Aggregate.

Guangtao Lu1, Xin Zhu1, Tao Wang2

  • 1Key Laboratory for Metallurgical Equipment and Control of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 14, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new piezoceramic stack-based smart aggregate (PiSSA) offers improved efficiency for detecting attenuated stress waves. Parallel connections enhance displacement for actuators, while series connections are better for sensors.

Keywords:
Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT)Piezoceramic Stack-based Smart Aggregate (PiSSA)Smart Aggregate (SA)actuators and sensorspiezoceramic wafer

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Electrical Engineering

Background:

  • Conventional smart aggregates with single piezoelectric patches have limitations in efficiency, especially where stress waves attenuate.
  • Novel piezoceramic stack-based smart aggregates (PiSSA) are developed to overcome these limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and analyze a novel piezoceramic stack-based smart aggregate (PiSSA) for enhanced efficiency and output performance.
  • To investigate the electromechanical, transmitting, and sensing characteristics of PiSSAs with series and parallel wafer connections.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a novel piezoceramic stack-based smart aggregate (PiSSA) with series or parallel connected piezoelectric wafers.
  • Derivation of a simplified one-dimensional model based on piezo-elasticity theory.
  • Experimental verification of the derived model.

Main Results:

  • The resonance frequency and electromechanical coupling factor are influenced by the number and thickness of PZT wafers.
  • PiSSA performance shows minimal sensitivity to variations in epoxy Young's modulus, aiding fabrication.
  • Parallel PiSSA configurations provide significantly higher displacement output for actuation, while series configurations offer higher voltage output for sensing.

Conclusions:

  • PiSSA design, including wafer connection type, number, and thickness, must be optimized for specific actuator or sensor applications.
  • The study provides a validated method for investigating PiSSA characteristics and optimizing structural parameters.
  • PiSSA technology offers improved solutions for structural health monitoring and wave generation applications.