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Nanoscale characterization of plasma functionalized graphitic flakes using tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.

Naresh Kumar1, Sofia Marchesini1, Thomas Howe2

  • 1National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|November 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) precisely maps nitrogen functionalization on graphene nanomaterials. This technique enhances understanding of graphene

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Chemistry

Background:

  • Chemical functionalization of graphene nanomaterials is key for advanced applications.
  • Precisely quantifying functional groups on individual graphene nanoplatelets is difficult.
  • Understanding functionalization's spatial distribution is crucial for property control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) for nanoscale analysis of graphene functionalization.
  • To investigate the degree and spatial variability of disorder in nitrogen-functionalized graphitic nanomaterials.
  • To correlate TERS findings with other analytical techniques for comprehensive characterization.

Main Methods:

  • Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) was employed to analyze graphene.
  • Three distinct levels of nitrogen functionalization were studied.
  • TERS data was validated against confocal Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS).

Main Results:

  • TERS successfully mapped the nanoscale distribution of disorder in functionalized graphene.
  • Results showed excellent agreement between TERS and conventional spectroscopic/chemical analysis methods.
  • The study quantified the degree and spatial variability of nitrogen functionalization.

Conclusions:

  • TERS is a powerful tool for nanoscale characterization of graphene functionalization.
  • This work improves understanding of graphene functionalization across multiple scales (nano, micro, macro).
  • The findings facilitate the correlation between functionalization, analytical techniques, and material properties of industrial relevance.