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Oncologic Emergencies: Traditional and Contemporary.

Jenna Spring1, Laveena Munshi2

  • 1Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Sinai Health System and University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Room D108, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, USA. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/jennaspring.

Critical Care Clinics
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PubMed
Summary

Recognizing and managing oncologic emergencies in intensive care units is crucial, especially with new biologic therapies. Early diagnosis and teamwork improve patient outcomes for malignancy-associated emergencies.

Keywords:
Cytokine release syndromeHyperleukocytosis and leukostasisImmune-related adverse eventsMalignant pericardial effusionMetastatic spinal cord compressionSuperior vena cava syndromeSyndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormoneTumor lysis syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Intensive Care Medicine
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Oncologic emergencies are increasingly prevalent in intensive care units (ICUs).
  • Novel biologic therapies contribute to the rising incidence of these critical conditions.
  • Effective management requires prompt recognition and coordinated care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnosis and management of critical oncologic emergencies.
  • To highlight the importance of early recognition and multidisciplinary collaboration.
  • To provide guidance for intensive care unit (ICU) management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of oncologic emergencies in critical care settings.
  • Discussion of diagnostic strategies for malignancy-associated emergencies.
  • Outline of current management principles and therapeutic interventions.

Main Results:

  • Oncologic emergencies pose significant challenges in the ICU.
  • Timely intervention is critical for patient survival and prognosis.
  • Multidisciplinary team approach enhances patient care and outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Early identification and prompt management of oncologic emergencies are vital.
  • Collaboration among oncologists, intensivists, and other specialists is essential.
  • Adherence to evidence-based guidelines improves outcomes for critically ill cancer patients.