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Aminophylline for improving acute kidney injury in pediatric patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Saad Alsaadoun1, Faisal Rustom2, Hanan Abu Hassan3

  • 1Department of Pediatric, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh 13225, Saudi Arabia.

International Journal of Health Sciences
|November 16, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Aminophylline may help reduce serum creatinine levels in pediatric patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). However, it does not significantly impact urine output, AKI incidence, or mortality rates in children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality in children.
  • The role of aminophylline in preventing or treating pediatric AKI remains unclear.
  • This meta-analysis investigates the efficacy of aminophylline in pediatric AKI cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the effectiveness of aminophylline in pediatric patients diagnosed with AKI.
  • To determine if aminophylline administration impacts key renal function markers and patient outcomes.
  • To provide evidence for clinical decision-making regarding aminophylline use in pediatric AKI.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted across six major databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar) from January 1995 to May 2019.
  • Data from seven identified studies involving aminophylline use in children with AKI were analyzed.
  • Risk ratios and standard mean differences were calculated using a random effects model for meta-analysis.

Main Results:

  • Single-arm studies showed no significant changes in serum creatinine clearance, urine output, or blood urea nitrogen levels post-aminophylline administration.
  • However, double-arm studies revealed that aminophylline significantly reduced serum creatinine levels compared to control groups (mean diff = -34).
  • No statistically significant effects were observed for aminophylline on urine output, AKI incidence, or mortality rates.

Conclusions:

  • Aminophylline administration in pediatric AKI patients appears to lower serum creatinine levels.
  • The treatment did not demonstrate significant adverse effects or impact on AKI incidence, urine output, or mortality.
  • Further large-scale, well-designed randomized controlled trials are necessary to confirm these findings and explore long-term effects.
Abstract

Keywords:
Aminophyllineacute kidney injuryefficacypediatric patientsrenal outcomes

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