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Related Concept Videos

Mutations in Microorganisms01:18

Mutations in Microorganisms

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Mutations are heritable changes in an organism’s genome involving alterations in the base sequence of DNA or RNA. These changes can influence cellular processes and phenotypic traits, potentially transforming the unaltered wild type into a mutant form. Such changes, termed forward mutations, are pivotal in shaping the genetic diversity of organisms.RNA viruses exhibit the highest mutation rates due to the absence of robust proofreading mechanisms during genome replication. In contrast,...
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In-vitro Mutagenesis01:16

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To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
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Spontaneous and Induced Mutations01:30

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Spontaneous mutations arise infrequently during DNA replication due to errors in the process. A key factor behind these errors is tautomeric shifts in nitrogenous bases, where bases transition from keto to enol forms or amino to imino forms. This shift can alter base-pairing rules, leading to mutations. Additionally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) arising from aerobic metabolism can damage DNA, resulting in depurination (loss of a purine base) or depyrimidination (loss of a pyrimidine base).
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Antibiotic Selection00:57

Antibiotic Selection

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Overview
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Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity01:25

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Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity refer to the ability of drugs to cause genetic defects and induce cancer, respectively. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies agents into four groups based on their carcinogenic potential. Group 1 agents are known human carcinogens; group 2A agents are probably carcinogenic to humans; group 3 agents lack data to support their role in carcinogenesis; and group 4 includes agents for which data support that they are not likely to be...
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Transformation01:26

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Microbial communities are dynamic environments where cell lysis releases free DNA into the surroundings. Other cells can take up this extracellular DNA through a process known as transformation.When a cell incorporates this foreign DNA into its genome, resulting in genetic modification, the process is known as transformation. Cells capable of this process are termed competent. Competence can be natural, as observed in certain bacteria and archaea, or artificially induced in the...
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Mutagenesis and Functional Selection Protocols for Directed Evolution of Proteins in E. coli
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Antibiotic-Induced Mutagenesis: Under the Microscope.

Sarah A Revitt-Mills1,2, Andrew Robinson1,2

  • 1Molecular Horizons Institute and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.

Frontiers in Microbiology
|November 16, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Antibiotics can increase bacterial mutation rates, potentially accelerating antibiotic resistance. Microscopy now allows direct visualization of this process, linking molecular events to population-level evolution and resistance development.

Keywords:
DNA damageexperimental evolutionimagingrecombinationstress response

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Antibiotic resistance is a major global health threat.
  • Certain antibiotics induce bacterial mutagenesis, increasing genetic diversity and potentially accelerating resistance.
  • The relative importance of antibiotic-induced mutagenesis is condition-dependent and not quantitatively modeled.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review microscopy studies visualizing antibiotic-induced mutagenesis at the molecular, cellular, and population levels.
  • To highlight new insights into the mechanisms and regulation of antibiotic-induced mutagenesis.
  • To discuss the implications of recent findings on population fluctuations for understanding bacterial evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Review of microscopy studies visualizing antibiotic-induced mutagenesis in individual bacterial cells.
  • Analysis of molecular-level events (DNA polymerases, repair pathways) and cellular processes (SOS response).
  • Examination of real-time mutation rates and population dynamics under antibiotic exposure.

Main Results:

  • Microscopy enables direct visualization of antibiotic-induced mutagenesis in real-time.
  • New links identified between error-prone DNA polymerases, recombinational repair, and SOS response regulation.
  • Stochastic population fluctuations observed in response to sub-inhibitory antibiotic concentrations.

Conclusions:

  • Microscopy provides direct observational data linking molecular mechanisms to evolutionary outcomes.
  • Understanding antibiotic-induced mutagenesis requires simultaneous multi-level analysis.
  • Further research using advanced microscopy is crucial for developing strategies against antibiotic resistance.