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Area of Science:

  • Cosmology
  • Astrophysics
  • Particle Physics

Background:

  • Primordial black holes (PBHs) are a leading dark matter candidate, particularly in the unconstrained sublunar mass range.
  • Inflationary cosmology provides a mechanism for PBH production via false vacuum bubble nucleation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of inflationary bubble nucleation to produce PBHs that constitute all dark matter.
  • To reconcile PBH production with existing observational data, including Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) and LIGO events.
  • To establish future observational tests for this PBH formation mechanism.

Main Methods:

  • Revisiting the theoretical framework of PBH production during cosmic inflation.
  • Analyzing numerical simulations to model PBH population characteristics.
  • Comparing model predictions with observational constraints from astronomical surveys.

Main Results:

  • The inflationary bubble nucleation scenario can generate a PBH population consistent with all dark matter.
  • This mechanism explains the candidate event observed in Subaru HSC data.
  • The scenario accommodates both LIGO-detected heavy black holes and seeds for supermassive black holes.

Conclusions:

  • PBH production via false vacuum bubble nucleation during inflation is a compelling model for dark matter.
  • Future optical surveys like HSC and LSST can definitively test this PBH formation mechanism if it dominates dark matter.