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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

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Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
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Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography01:22

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IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...
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Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

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The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 30, 2025

A Two-Step Method for Percutaneous Transhepatic Choledochoscopic Lithotomy
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Recent advances in percutaneous lithotripsy techniques.

Marco De Sio1, Celeste Manfredi1, Ferdinando Fusco1

  • 1Urology Unit, Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli'.

Current Opinion in Urology
|November 16, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recent advancements in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) techniques include ultrasound guidance and miniaturized instruments. New technologies like Thulium laser show promise for improved stone clearance in PCNL procedures.

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Minimally Invasive Surgery
  • Nephrolithotomy

Background:

  • Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a key procedure for kidney stone removal.
  • Continuous innovation aims to enhance PCNL safety, efficacy, and surgeon training.
  • Emerging technologies offer potential solutions to current procedural challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and critically analyze the latest evidence on percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) techniques.
  • To discuss the impact of new technologies on surgical performance and patient outcomes.
  • To evaluate the evolving landscape of PCNL in comparison to alternative treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on PCNL advancements.
  • Analysis of novel technologies such as 3D printing, virtual reality, and new energy sources.
  • Comparative assessment of miniaturized PCNL (mPCNL) against retrograde intrarenal surgery.
  • Evaluation of emerging devices for stone fragmentation and removal.

Main Results:

  • Totally ultrasound-guided PCNL is feasible and reduces radiation exposure.
  • Miniaturized instruments offer advantages but face challenges compared to other techniques.
  • Advanced tools like LithoClast Trilogy and ClearPetra system show potential for better stone clearance.
  • Thulium laser energy source demonstrates promising in-vitro results for PCNL.

Conclusions:

  • Significant progress has been made in PCNL techniques, driven by technological innovation.
  • Thulium fiber laser, advanced fragmentation devices, and novel teaching technologies may address limitations of mPCNL.
  • Further research is required to validate the preliminary findings and clinical utility of these new PCNL approaches.