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Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...
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Rhizaria are a diverse group of unicellular protists characterized by their threadlike cytoplasmic extensions known as pseudopodia. These structures aid in both locomotion and feeding, giving Rhizaria an amoeboid appearance. Their amoeboid morphology once led to taxonomic confusion, but molecular phylogenetics has clarified their evolutionary placement and emphasized their shared use of pseudopodia despite divergent lineages.This clade comprises diverse lineages such as Chlorarachniophyta,...
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Coevolution, diversification and alternative states in two-trophic communities.

Tobin D Northfield1,2, Jörgen Ripa3, Lucas A Nell4

  • 1Department of Entomology, Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Wenatchee, WA, 98801, USA.

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|November 17, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Eco-evolutionary arms races can promote community diversification when multiple traits are involved. This occurs due to trade-offs, creating multiple stable states and resolving conflicts between theory and empirical findings.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Theoretical Ecology

Background:

  • Single-trait eco-evolutionary models often predict inhibited community diversification.
  • Empirical research shows diversification through consumer-resource interactions, creating a theoretical conflict.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how multi-trait arms races influence community diversification.
  • To resolve the conflict between theoretical predictions and empirical observations of diversification.

Main Methods:

  • Modeling eco-evolutionary arms races with multiple consumer and resource traits.
  • Analyzing the impact of trade-off costs on trait investment.
  • Exploring the resulting adaptive landscapes and stable community states.

Main Results:

  • Multi-trait arms races can promote community diversification when trait trade-offs exist.
  • Trade-offs create alternative stable states in the adaptive landscape.
  • Model results align with empirical observations of diversification.

Conclusions:

  • Coevolutionary arms races involving multiple traits can drive community diversification.
  • The existence of alternative stable states explains the prevalence of diversification in nature.
  • Findings reconcile theoretical predictions with empirical evidence in community ecology.