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Related Concept Videos

Redox Reactions01:24

Redox Reactions

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Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...
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Redox Reactions01:27

Redox Reactions

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Redox reactions are vital biochemical processes that underpin energy metabolism in cells. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, occurring in tandem as oxidation and reduction. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, while reduction denotes their gain. This coupling ensures the seamless flow of electrons through metabolic pathways. For example, in bacterial metabolism, glucose undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide, while oxygen is simultaneously reduced to...
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Redox Equilibria: Overview01:23

Redox Equilibria: Overview

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A reduction-oxidation reaction is commonly called a redox reaction. In a redox reaction, electrons are transferred from one species to another rather than being shared between or among atoms. The reducing agent or reductant is the species that loses electrons and gets oxidized in the process. The species that gains electrons and gets reduced in the process is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Redox reactions are represented as two separate equations called half-reactions, where one equation...
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Ladder Diagrams: Redox Equilibria01:30

Ladder Diagrams: Redox Equilibria

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Ladder diagrams are useful tools for understanding redox equilibrium reactions, especially the effects of concentration changes on the electrochemical potential of the reaction. The vertical axis in the redox ladder diagrams represents the electrochemical potential, E. The area of predominance is demarcated using the Nernst equation.
Consider the Fe3+/Fe2+ half-reaction, which has a standard-state potential of +0.771 V. At potentials more positive than +0.771 V, Fe3+ predominates, whereas Fe2+...
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Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview01:26

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

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Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
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Redox and Doubly pH-Switchable Pickering Emulsion.

Xiaojiang Li1, Peiyao Zhu1, Xin Lv2

  • 1College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, P. R. China.

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|November 17, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel Pickering emulsion stabilized by silica nanoparticles and a redox/pH-responsive surfactant offers reversible emulsification and demulsification. This multiswitchable emulsion demonstrates potential for applications like oil removal in the petroleum industry.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Colloid and Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Pickering emulsions offer an alternative to conventional emulsions but often lack controlled switching capabilities.
  • Responsive surfactants are crucial for developing stimuli-responsive Pickering emulsions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel, easily synthesized Pickering emulsion stabilized by silica nanoparticles and a redox and pH-responsive surfactant.
  • To demonstrate the reversible, switchable emulsification/demulsification behavior of the Pickering emulsion in response to redox and pH stimuli.
  • To investigate the underlying mechanism of the stimuli-responsive behavior and assess the recyclability of the emulsion.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a redox and pH-responsive surfactant (FA-DMDA-Ox) via direct neutralization.
  • Stabilization of Pickering emulsions using hydrophilic silica nanoparticles and the synthesized surfactant.
  • Induction of demulsification/emulsification using redox agents (Na2SO3, H2O2).
  • Demonstration of doubly pH-switchable behavior using acids (HCl) and bases (NaOH).
  • Analysis of surface properties (ζ-potential, contact angle, adsorbed amount) to elucidate the mechanism.

Main Results:

  • A stable Pickering emulsion was formed with <0.1 wt% FA-DMDA-Ox and silica nanoparticles.
  • Reversible emulsification and demulsification were achieved by alternating redox agents.
  • The emulsion exhibited doubly pH-switchable behavior, turning 'off' and 'on' with acid/base additions.
  • Mechanisms involving reversible adsorption/desorption of the surfactant and controllable dispersion systems were identified.
  • The Pickering emulsion was successfully recycled three times for oil removal applications.

Conclusions:

  • A novel, multiswitchable Pickering emulsion stabilized by silica nanoparticles and a redox/pH-responsive surfactant was successfully developed.
  • The developed emulsion exhibits controllable and reversible emulsification/demulsification in response to redox and pH stimuli.
  • The findings suggest significant potential for this multifunctional Pickering emulsion in practical applications, particularly in the petroleum industry for oil or wax removal.