Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration02:42

Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration

16.8K
Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the ions in the solid separate and disperse uniformly throughout the solution because water molecules surround and solvate the ions, reducing the strong electrostatic forces between them. This process...
16.8K
Solvents01:12

Solvents

68.9K
A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent and a solute combine, they form a solution - a homogenous mixture of both the solvent and the solute. Water is a universal biological solvent. Its polar structure allows it to dissolve many other polar compounds. The ability of water to dissolve is governed by a balance between water molecules binding to each other and binding to the solute.
A...
68.9K
Entropy and Solvation02:05

Entropy and Solvation

8.0K
The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ...
8.0K
Intermolecular Forces in Solutions02:28

Intermolecular Forces in Solutions

37.4K
The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Such a solution is called an ideal solution. A mixture of ideal gases (or gases such as helium and argon,...
37.4K
Solubility Equilibria: Ionic Product of Water01:16

Solubility Equilibria: Ionic Product of Water

1.4K
Pure water is a weak electrolyte; only a small amount ionizes into hydrogen and hydroxide ions. At any given temperature, the concentration of undissociated water is almost constant, so the ionic product of water is the product of the hydrogen and hydroxide ion concentrations, denoted as Kw. The square root of Kw gives the individual ion concentrations.
The ionic product of water varies with temperature, and its value is 1.0 x 10−14 at standard experimental conditions. Per Le...
1.4K
Solubility03:00

Solubility

20.3K
Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
In a solution, the solute particles (molecules,...
20.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

DCM alternatives for use in Steglich esterifications, for green and sustainable liquid crystal syntheses.

RSC advances·2026
Same author

Visualising reaction complexes in amine-based unloaded and CO<sub>2</sub>-loaded carbon capture solutions.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Universities must move with the times: how six scholars tackle AI, mental health and more.

Nature·2025
Same author

Solution structure of Titan-relevant aqueous ammonia by neutron diffraction.

Communications chemistry·2025
Same author

Hybrid biocomposites: From molecular behaviour to material properties in silk fibroin/cellulose films.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2025
Same author

Dissolution of Different Animal Hair Yarn in 1‑Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Acetate.

ACS omega·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 30, 2025

Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes
09:42

Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes

Published on: January 16, 2016

9.3K

Solute Specific Perturbations to Water Structure and Dynamics in Tertiary Aqueous Solution.

Harrison Laurent, Daniel L Baker, Alan K Soper1

  • 1ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
|November 17, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and magnesium perchlorate perturb water structure differently but slow water dynamics additively. TMAO is 1.54 times more effective than magnesium perchlorate at altering water structure and dynamics.

More Related Videos

Probing the Structure and Dynamics of Interfacial Water with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy
10:28

Probing the Structure and Dynamics of Interfacial Water with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy

Published on: May 27, 2018

9.2K
Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water
16:24

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water

Published on: August 2, 2012

19.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 30, 2025

Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes
09:42

Unraveling Entropic Rate Acceleration Induced by Solvent Dynamics in Membrane Enzymes

Published on: January 16, 2016

9.3K
Probing the Structure and Dynamics of Interfacial Water with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy
10:28

Probing the Structure and Dynamics of Interfacial Water with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy

Published on: May 27, 2018

9.2K
Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water
16:24

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water

Published on: August 2, 2012

19.1K

Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Solution Chemistry
  • Biophysical Chemistry

Background:

  • Water's role as a universal solvent is well-established.
  • Understanding complex solutions is crucial for biological and chemical processes.
  • Binary solutions' solute effects are known, but complex solutions remain challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate solute-induced perturbations in tertiary aqueous solutions.
  • To deconvolute the competing effects of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and magnesium perchlorate (Mg(ClO4)2) on water structure and dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Correlative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and neutron diffraction study.
  • Analysis of a tertiary solution containing TMAO and Mg(ClO4)2.
  • Introduction of a weighting parameter to quantify solute perturbation effectiveness.

Main Results:

  • TMAO and Mg(ClO4)2 exhibit opposing effects on water structure.
  • Both solutes demonstrate an additive effect on slowing water dynamics.
  • TMAO was found to be 1.54 times more effective than Mg(ClO4)2 in perturbing water.

Conclusions:

  • Combined NMR, neutron diffraction, and computational modeling provide deep insights into complex aqueous solutions.
  • This approach allows for the deconvolution of specific solute perturbations.
  • Understanding these interactions is vital for comprehending water's behavior in relevant environments.