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NETosis: Molecular Mechanisms, Role in Physiology and Pathology.
1Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia. nvvorobjeva@mail.ru.
Biochemistry. Biokhimiia
|November 17, 2020
Summary
Neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis) involves modified chromatin and proteins, triggered by various stimuli. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are crucial for NETosis, impacting disease pathogenesis like COVID-19.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are formed via NETosis, a process involving decondensed chromatin decorated with antimicrobial proteins.
- NETosis can be induced by diverse stimuli, including pathogens, immune complexes, and cytokines.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the fundamental mechanisms underlying NETosis.
- To discuss the role of NETosis in the pathogenesis of diseases, such as COVID-19.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of existing research on NETosis.
- Analysis of molecular pathways involved in NETosis induction and execution.
Main Results:
- NETosis requires reactive oxygen species (ROS), primarily generated by NADPH oxidase, and involves calcium influx.
- Key steps include granule component release, histone modification, nuclear envelope breakdown, and plasma membrane permeabilization.
- Mitochondrial ROS generation can also contribute to NETosis activation.
Conclusions:
- NETosis is a complex cellular defense mechanism with significant implications in inflammatory and infectious diseases.
- Understanding NETosis mechanisms is vital for developing therapeutic strategies against diseases like COVID-19.
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