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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

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Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 29, 2025

Microfluidic Fabrication Techniques for High-Pressure Testing of Microscale Supercritical CO2 Foam Transport in Fractured Unconventional Reservoirs
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Multi-phase-field simulation of microstructure evolution in metallic foams.

Samad Vakili1,2, Ingo Steinbach1, Fathollah Varnik3

  • 1Interdisciplinary Centre for Advanced Materials Simulation (ICAMS), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.

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|November 18, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study models metallic foam microstructure using a multi-phase-field approach. It simulates how additives prevent bubble coalescence, enabling control over closed or open porous structures.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Computational Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Metallic foams are advanced materials with tunable properties.
  • Controlling microstructure, particularly pore structure, is crucial for foam performance.
  • Bubble coalescence significantly impacts the final microstructure of metallic foams.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a multi-phase-field model for simulating metallic foam microstructure formation.
  • To investigate the role of additives in preventing bubble coalescence.
  • To simulate the evolution of both closed and open porous structures.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a multi-phase-field computational approach.
  • Incorporated a non-merging criterion for phase fields to control bubble coalescence.
  • Adjusted free energy penalties associated with additives to manage coalescence.
  • Simulated foam structure formation in both 2D and 3D.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the model's ability to prevent bubble coalescence by adjusting parameters.
  • Successfully simulated the formation of closed porous microstructures.
  • Investigated the initiation of coalescence and evolution of open structures by modifying criteria.
  • Validated the model through 2D and 3D simulations.

Conclusions:

  • The multi-phase-field model effectively simulates metallic foam microstructure formation.
  • Additives and model parameters can be tuned to control bubble coalescence and thus pore structure.
  • The model provides a versatile tool for designing metallic foams with desired microstructural characteristics.