Quantifying Therapists' Activities during Sensory Integration Treatment for Young Children with Autism

Area of Science:

• Pediatrics
• Occupational Therapy
• Developmental Psychology

Background:

• Limited research exists on specific occupational therapy interventions for children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD).
• Understanding the nuances of sensory integration treatment is crucial for effective early intervention in ASD.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze the types and frequency of actions occupational therapy practitioners use in sensory integration treatment for young children with ASD.
• To identify common sensory opportunities and therapist behaviors during these sessions.

Main Methods:

• A specialized coding scheme was developed to analyze sensory integration treatment.
• 34 videos of 9 children (18-56 months) with ASD receiving treatment from 8 occupational therapists were behaviorally coded.
• Observer XT software was utilized for detailed analysis of therapist and child interactions.

Main Results:

• Therapists most frequently employed verbal communications (offers, commands, feedback) to foster engagement.
• Proprioceptive activities were the most common sensory opportunities provided to the children.
• Occupational therapists demonstrated high levels of sensitivity during treatment sessions.

Conclusions:

• The observed therapist actions and sensory opportunities align with established components of sensory integration therapy.
• Child-therapist engagement appears to be a significant element in sensory integration treatment for early-diagnosed ASD.
• Quantifying therapist actions offers valuable insights into clinical decision-making and the therapeutic relationship in practice.