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[Renal involvement in Sjögren's syndrome]
Hélène François1, Xavier Mariette2
1Département d'Urgences Néphrologiques et Transplantation Rénale, INSERM UMR_S 1155, Hôpital Tenon, Sorbonne université, AP-HP, Paris, France.
Nephrologie & Therapeutique
|November 19, 2020
Summary
Primary Sjögren syndrome, an autoimmune condition, can affect kidneys, though rarely. This review covers kidney disease epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment in Sjögren syndrome patients.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Rheumatology
- Autoimmunology
Background:
- Primary Sjögren syndrome is an autoimmune disorder affecting exocrine glands, causing sicca symptoms.
- Renal involvement is uncommon (<10%) but can manifest as tubulointerstitial nephritis or glomerular disease.
- Electrolyte disturbances like renal tubular acidosis are potential complications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of renal disease in primary Sjögren syndrome.
- To highlight the importance of early detection of kidney complications through regular screening.
- To discuss the prognosis and risk of chronic kidney disease in affected patients.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of primary Sjögren syndrome and associated renal pathologies.
- Analysis of epidemiological data on renal involvement frequency.
- Discussion of pathophysiological mechanisms linking Sjögren syndrome to kidney damage.
Main Results:
- Tubulointerstitial nephritis is the most common renal manifestation, mirroring salivary gland pathology.
- Glomerular diseases, such as membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis secondary to cryoglobulinemia, are less frequent.
- While prognosis is generally good, chronic kidney disease risk persists for some patients.
Conclusions:
- Regular annual screening for renal complications is crucial for systemic primary Sjögren syndrome patients.
- Understanding the spectrum of kidney disease in Sjögren syndrome aids timely diagnosis and management.
- Prompt intervention can improve renal outcomes and mitigate the risk of chronic kidney disease.
Keywords:
Acidose tubulaire distaleCryoglobulinemiaCryoglobulinémieDistal tubular acidosisGlomérulonéphrite membrano-proliférativeMembranoproliferative glomerulonephritisNéphrite tubulo-interstitiellePrimary Sjögren syndromeSyndrome de Sjögren primitifTubulo-interstitial nephritisMore Related Videos
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