The immuno-reactivity of polypseudorotaxane functionalized magnetic CDMNP-PEG-CD nanoparticles

pH-magnetic dual-responsive nanocomposites have been widely used in drug delivery and gene therapy. Recently, a polypseudorotaxane functionalized magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) was developed by synthesizing the magnetic nanoparticles with cyclodextrin (CD) molecules (CDMNP) via polyethylene glycol (PEG) (CDMNP-PEG-CD). The purpose of this study was to explore the antigenicity and immunogenicity of the nanoparticles in vivo prior to their further application explorations. Here, nanoparticles were assessed in vivo for retention, bio-distribution and immuno-reactivity. The results showed that, once administered intravenously, CDMNP-PEG-CD induced a temporary blood monocyte response and was cleared effectively from the body through the urine system in mice. The introduction of β-CD and PEG/β-CD polypseudorotaxane on SiO₂ magnetic nanoparticles (SOMNP) limited particle intramuscular dispersion after being injected into mouse gastrocnemius muscle (GN), which led to the prolonged local inflammation and muscle toxicity by CDMNP and CDMNP-PEG-CD. In addition, T cells were found to be more susceptible for β-CD-modified CDMNP; however, polypseudorotaxane modification partially attenuated β-CD-induced T cell response in the implanted muscle. Our results suggested that CDMNP-PEG-CD nanoparticles or the decomposition components have potential to prime antigen-presenting cells and to break the muscle autoimmune tolerance.