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Toxicity Screens in Human Retinal Organoids for Pharmaceutical Discovery
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[Toxic retinopathies].

Ulrich Kellner1,2, Simone Kellner3,4, Silke Weinitz3,4

  • 1Zentrum für seltene Netzhauterkrankungen, AugenZentrum Siegburg, MVZ Augenärztliches Diagnostik- und Therapiecentrum Siegburg GmbH, Europaplatz 3, 53721, Siegburg, Deutschland. kellneru@mac.com.

Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift Der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft
|November 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Drug-induced toxic retinopathies, often mimicking other retinal diseases, can arise from systemic or intravitreal medications. Early recognition is crucial for managing these adverse effects, especially with novel drug therapies.

Keywords:
HydroxychloroquineNicotineRetinaToxicityUndesired medicinal side effects

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Toxicology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Toxic retinopathies are frequently caused by external agents like nicotine and methanol.
  • Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) from systemic or intravitreal medications can also induce toxic retinopathies.
  • Clinical presentation of drug-induced retinopathy often overlaps with other retinal diseases, complicating diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review clinical findings and pathophysiological mechanisms of drug-induced toxic retinopathies.
  • To discuss screening strategies for identifying adverse drug effects on the retina.
  • To highlight confirmed associations for approved medications and potential links for novel drugs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on established and potential drug-induced retinopathies.
  • Analysis of clinical presentations and known etiological agents.
  • Discussion of diagnostic challenges and screening recommendations.

Main Results:

  • External stimulants are common causes of toxic retinopathy.
  • Approved systemic drugs (e.g., hydroxychloroquine, ethambutol) and intravitreal drugs are associated with retinopathy.
  • Novel medications may also present potential, though unproven, associations with retinopathy.

Conclusions:

  • Recognizing drug-induced toxic retinopathies requires understanding their varied clinical presentations.
  • Distinguishing ADRs from other retinal diseases is critical for timely intervention.
  • Awareness of both established and potential drug associations aids in early detection and management.